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rabbit anti galectin 9 polyclonal antibody (Bioss)

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Bioss rabbit anti galectin 9 polyclonal antibody

The Tim-3/galectin pathway is involved in the cross talk between intestinal CD4+ T cells and macrophages. The expression levels of <t>galectin-9</t> on intestinal macrophages (A and B) and Tim-3 on CD4+ T cells (A and C) were determined after S. Typhimurium infection. Then S. Typhimurium-infected intestinal macrophages were cultured alone or with CD4+ T cells in the presence of increasing amounts of α-lactose. The numbers of CFU in the macrophages were determined (D). Data are expressed as the means ± SDs from at least three separate experiments. ***, P < 0.001; **, P < 0.01; *, P < 0.05 (compared with the control group).

Rabbit Anti Galectin 9 Polyclonal Antibody, supplied by Bioss, used in various techniques. Bioz Stars score: 90/100, based on 5 PubMed citations. ZERO BIAS - scores, article reviews, protocol conditions and more
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Average 90 stars, based on 5 article reviews

rabbit anti galectin 9 polyclonal antibody - by Bioz Stars, 2026-03

90/100 stars

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1) Product Images from "Intestinal Lamina Propria CD4 + T Cells Promote Bactericidal Activity of Macrophages via Galectin-9 and Tim-3 Interaction during Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhimurium Infection"

Article Title: Intestinal Lamina Propria CD4 + T Cells Promote Bactericidal Activity of Macrophages via Galectin-9 and Tim-3 Interaction during Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhimurium Infection

Journal: Infection and Immunity

doi: 10.1128/IAI.00769-17

The Tim-3/galectin pathway is involved in the cross talk between intestinal CD4+ T cells and macrophages. The expression levels of galectin-9 on intestinal macrophages (A and B) and Tim-3 on CD4+ T cells (A and C) were determined after S. Typhimurium infection. Then S. Typhimurium-infected intestinal macrophages were cultured alone or with CD4+ T cells in the presence of increasing amounts of α-lactose. The numbers of CFU in the macrophages were determined (D). Data are expressed as the means ± SDs from at least three separate experiments. ***, P < 0.001; **, P < 0.01; *, P < 0.05 (compared with the control group).

Figure Legend Snippet: The Tim-3/galectin pathway is involved in the cross talk between intestinal CD4+ T cells and macrophages. The expression levels of galectin-9 on intestinal macrophages (A and B) and Tim-3 on CD4+ T cells (A and C) were determined after S. Typhimurium infection. Then S. Typhimurium-infected intestinal macrophages were cultured alone or with CD4+ T cells in the presence of increasing amounts of α-lactose. The numbers of CFU in the macrophages were determined (D). Data are expressed as the means ± SDs from at least three separate experiments. ***, P < 0.001; **, P < 0.01; *, P < 0.05 (compared with the control group).

Techniques Used: Expressing, Infection, Cell Culture

Tim-3/galectin-9 interaction promotes inflammasome activation, which causes caspase-1 cleavage and IL-1β secretion. The expression levels of NLRs, procaspase-1, caspase-1, pro-IL-1β, and mature IL-1β in macrophages were assessed at the indicated infection time points by Western blotting (A). S. Typhimurium-infected macrophages were cultured alone or with CD4+ T cells. One hour later, the double positivity for capase-1 fluorescent inhibitor probe (FAM-YVAD-FMK) and PI in macrophages was detected by FACS (B). S. Typhimurium-infected intestinal macrophages was cultured alone or with CD4+ T cells in the presence of increasing amounts of α-lactose. Macrophages were then isolated from the culture system by discarding CD4+ T cells using the EasySep Mouse CD4 Positive Selection kit. The expression levels of NLRC4, procaspase-1, and caspase-1 were detected by Western blotting (C). IL-1β expression levels in the cocultures were determined by ELISA (D) and intracellular IL-1β expression was detected by FACS (E). Data are representative of those from three independent experiments. Error bars indicate SDs from three replicate cultures. ***, P < 0.001; **, P < 0.01; *, P < 0.05 (compared with the control group).

Figure Legend Snippet: Tim-3/galectin-9 interaction promotes inflammasome activation, which causes caspase-1 cleavage and IL-1β secretion. The expression levels of NLRs, procaspase-1, caspase-1, pro-IL-1β, and mature IL-1β in macrophages were assessed at the indicated infection time points by Western blotting (A). S. Typhimurium-infected macrophages were cultured alone or with CD4+ T cells. One hour later, the double positivity for capase-1 fluorescent inhibitor probe (FAM-YVAD-FMK) and PI in macrophages was detected by FACS (B). S. Typhimurium-infected intestinal macrophages was cultured alone or with CD4+ T cells in the presence of increasing amounts of α-lactose. Macrophages were then isolated from the culture system by discarding CD4+ T cells using the EasySep Mouse CD4 Positive Selection kit. The expression levels of NLRC4, procaspase-1, and caspase-1 were detected by Western blotting (C). IL-1β expression levels in the cocultures were determined by ELISA (D) and intracellular IL-1β expression was detected by FACS (E). Data are representative of those from three independent experiments. Error bars indicate SDs from three replicate cultures. ***, P < 0.001; **, P < 0.01; *, P < 0.05 (compared with the control group).

Techniques Used: Activation Assay, Expressing, Infection, Western Blot, Cell Culture, Isolation, Selection, Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay

IL-1β improves the bactericidal activity of intestinal macrophages and the expression of galectin-9. S. Typhimurium-infected intestinal macrophages were cultured alone or in the presence of increasing amounts of IL-1β for 12 h (A). S. Typhimurium-infected intestinal macrophages were cultured alone or with CD4+ T cells in the presence of anti-IL-1β antibodies or isotype (B). The numbers of CFU in the macrophages were determined (A and B). Intestinal macrophages were cultured alone or infected with S. Typhimurium and then treated with 10 ng/ml of IL-1β. Galectin-9 expression on intestinal macrophages was detected by FACS (C). Data are representative of those from three independent experiments. Error bars indicate SDs from three replicate cultures. ***, P < 0.001; **, P < 0.01; *, P < 0.05 (compared with the control group).

Figure Legend Snippet: IL-1β improves the bactericidal activity of intestinal macrophages and the expression of galectin-9. S. Typhimurium-infected intestinal macrophages were cultured alone or in the presence of increasing amounts of IL-1β for 12 h (A). S. Typhimurium-infected intestinal macrophages were cultured alone or with CD4+ T cells in the presence of anti-IL-1β antibodies or isotype (B). The numbers of CFU in the macrophages were determined (A and B). Intestinal macrophages were cultured alone or infected with S. Typhimurium and then treated with 10 ng/ml of IL-1β. Galectin-9 expression on intestinal macrophages was detected by FACS (C). Data are representative of those from three independent experiments. Error bars indicate SDs from three replicate cultures. ***, P < 0.001; **, P < 0.01; *, P < 0.05 (compared with the control group).

Techniques Used: Activity Assay, Expressing, Infection, Cell Culture

Proposed model for mechanisms of cross talk between intestinal macrophages and CD4+ T cells involved in the Tim-3/galectin-9 pathway. S. Typhimurium infection promotes the accumulation of macrophages and CD4+ T cells in the small intestinal LP. Meanwhile, the expressions of galectin-9 on intestinal macrophages and Tim-3 on CD4+ T cells are enhanced following infection. CD4+ T cells promote the activation and bactericidal activity of intestinal macrophages via Tim-3/galectin-9 interaction, which triggers the formation and activation of inflammasomes, leading to the cleavage of caspase-1 and IL-1β. The secretion of active IL-1β further improves the bactericidal activity of intestinal macrophages and expression of galectin-9 on macrophages.

Figure Legend Snippet: Proposed model for mechanisms of cross talk between intestinal macrophages and CD4+ T cells involved in the Tim-3/galectin-9 pathway. S. Typhimurium infection promotes the accumulation of macrophages and CD4+ T cells in the small intestinal LP. Meanwhile, the expressions of galectin-9 on intestinal macrophages and Tim-3 on CD4+ T cells are enhanced following infection. CD4+ T cells promote the activation and bactericidal activity of intestinal macrophages via Tim-3/galectin-9 interaction, which triggers the formation and activation of inflammasomes, leading to the cleavage of caspase-1 and IL-1β. The secretion of active IL-1β further improves the bactericidal activity of intestinal macrophages and expression of galectin-9 on macrophages.

Techniques Used: Infection, Activation Assay, Activity Assay, Expressing

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Journal: Infection and Immunity

Article Title: Intestinal Lamina Propria CD4 + T Cells Promote Bactericidal Activity of Macrophages via Galectin-9 and Tim-3 Interaction during Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhimurium Infection

doi: 10.1128/IAI.00769-17

Figure Lengend Snippet: The Tim-3/galectin pathway is involved in the cross talk between intestinal CD4+ T cells and macrophages. The expression levels of galectin-9 on intestinal macrophages (A and B) and Tim-3 on CD4+ T cells (A and C) were determined after S. Typhimurium infection. Then S. Typhimurium-infected intestinal macrophages were cultured alone or with CD4+ T cells in the presence of increasing amounts of α-lactose. The numbers of CFU in the macrophages were determined (D). Data are expressed as the means ± SDs from at least three separate experiments. ***, P < 0.001; **, P < 0.01; *, P < 0.05 (compared with the control group).

Article Snippet: The primary antibody solution (anti-F4/80 MAb, clone C-7 [Santa Cruz Biotechnology, CA]; rabbit anti-galectin-9 polyclonal antibody, bs-0604R [Bioss, China]; and fluorescein isothiocyanate [FITC]-labeled anti- Salmonella antibody, ab69253) was dropped to cover the tissue sections and incubated overnight at 4°C.

Techniques: Expressing, Infection, Cell Culture

Journal: Infection and Immunity

Article Title: Intestinal Lamina Propria CD4 + T Cells Promote Bactericidal Activity of Macrophages via Galectin-9 and Tim-3 Interaction during Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhimurium Infection

doi: 10.1128/IAI.00769-17

Figure Lengend Snippet: Tim-3/galectin-9 interaction promotes inflammasome activation, which causes caspase-1 cleavage and IL-1β secretion. The expression levels of NLRs, procaspase-1, caspase-1, pro-IL-1β, and mature IL-1β in macrophages were assessed at the indicated infection time points by Western blotting (A). S. Typhimurium-infected macrophages were cultured alone or with CD4+ T cells. One hour later, the double positivity for capase-1 fluorescent inhibitor probe (FAM-YVAD-FMK) and PI in macrophages was detected by FACS (B). S. Typhimurium-infected intestinal macrophages was cultured alone or with CD4+ T cells in the presence of increasing amounts of α-lactose. Macrophages were then isolated from the culture system by discarding CD4+ T cells using the EasySep Mouse CD4 Positive Selection kit. The expression levels of NLRC4, procaspase-1, and caspase-1 were detected by Western blotting (C). IL-1β expression levels in the cocultures were determined by ELISA (D) and intracellular IL-1β expression was detected by FACS (E). Data are representative of those from three independent experiments. Error bars indicate SDs from three replicate cultures. ***, P < 0.001; **, P < 0.01; *, P < 0.05 (compared with the control group).

Techniques: Activation Assay, Expressing, Infection, Western Blot, Cell Culture, Isolation, Selection, Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay

Journal: Infection and Immunity

Article Title: Intestinal Lamina Propria CD4 + T Cells Promote Bactericidal Activity of Macrophages via Galectin-9 and Tim-3 Interaction during Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhimurium Infection

doi: 10.1128/IAI.00769-17

Figure Lengend Snippet: IL-1β improves the bactericidal activity of intestinal macrophages and the expression of galectin-9. S. Typhimurium-infected intestinal macrophages were cultured alone or in the presence of increasing amounts of IL-1β for 12 h (A). S. Typhimurium-infected intestinal macrophages were cultured alone or with CD4+ T cells in the presence of anti-IL-1β antibodies or isotype (B). The numbers of CFU in the macrophages were determined (A and B). Intestinal macrophages were cultured alone or infected with S. Typhimurium and then treated with 10 ng/ml of IL-1β. Galectin-9 expression on intestinal macrophages was detected by FACS (C). Data are representative of those from three independent experiments. Error bars indicate SDs from three replicate cultures. ***, P < 0.001; **, P < 0.01; *, P < 0.05 (compared with the control group).

Techniques: Activity Assay, Expressing, Infection, Cell Culture

Journal: Infection and Immunity

Article Title: Intestinal Lamina Propria CD4 + T Cells Promote Bactericidal Activity of Macrophages via Galectin-9 and Tim-3 Interaction during Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhimurium Infection

doi: 10.1128/IAI.00769-17

Figure Lengend Snippet: Proposed model for mechanisms of cross talk between intestinal macrophages and CD4+ T cells involved in the Tim-3/galectin-9 pathway. S. Typhimurium infection promotes the accumulation of macrophages and CD4+ T cells in the small intestinal LP. Meanwhile, the expressions of galectin-9 on intestinal macrophages and Tim-3 on CD4+ T cells are enhanced following infection. CD4+ T cells promote the activation and bactericidal activity of intestinal macrophages via Tim-3/galectin-9 interaction, which triggers the formation and activation of inflammasomes, leading to the cleavage of caspase-1 and IL-1β. The secretion of active IL-1β further improves the bactericidal activity of intestinal macrophages and expression of galectin-9 on macrophages.

Techniques: Infection, Activation Assay, Activity Assay, Expressing

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1) Product Images from "Intestinal Lamina Propria CD4 + T Cells Promote Bactericidal Activity of Macrophages via Galectin-9 and Tim-3 Interaction during Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhimurium Infection"

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